This week the world’s first and only digital circuit breaker was certified for commercial use. The technology, invented by Atom Power, has been listed by Underwriters Laboratories (UL), the global ...

For example, if this exercise were repeated without proportional gain, the system step response would be on the verge of oscillation. This is because the lag of the integrator combined with the lag of ...

The transformation of the power landscape involves more than just generation. The distribution of electricity is being changed as well, with technology designed to make electrical systems safer, more ...

Living cells make decisions based on information processing genetic programmes. Many of these programmes execute digital functions 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. The capability to build synthetic digital systems in ...

In the first installment of this course, we learned that a digital value is a quantity that varies “in steps” and can take on only a finite number of values. In today’s logic systems, only two ...

In-circuit testers rely on bed-of-nails-type fixtures that give the tester access to every node (or net) of the printed circuit board (PCB). Using this access, the tester takes a divide-and-conquer ...

All circuits, analog or digital, have characteristics dependent on the values of their component parts. Invariably, these parts are non-ideal in many ways. Even their most fundamental characteristics, ...