Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Erika Rasure is globally-recognized as a ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Proof of stake is a consensus algorithm originally invented by Sunny King and Scott Nadal in 2012. The idea for proof-of-stake (PoS) began as a way to create an alternative to Bitcoin’s proof-of-work ...

Proof of work validates transactions on a blockchain by miners solving hash puzzles. Bitcoin uses proof of work, rewarding miners with coins for adding blocks. Proof of stake offers a less ...

E. Napoletano is a former registered financial advisor and award-winning author and journalist. Ben is the former Retirement and Investing Editor for Forbes Advisor. With two decades of business and ...

There is no technical obstacle to making the notoriously energy-hungry cryptocurrency far more efficient—just a social one. Tech Review Explains: Let our writers untangle the complex, messy world of ...

One of the world’s biggest blockchains is testing a new way to approve transactions. The move has been many years in the making but doesn’t come without risks. The market for NFTs—tokens that ...

In a blockchain network where participants remain anonymous, a dependable coordination mechanism is essential. The “proof” acts as confirmation that a participant has met the requirements to validate ...