Complexity theory is a fundamental branch of theoretical computer science that categorises computational problems according to their inherent difficulty and the resources required to solve them. At ...

Graphs are everywhere. In discrete mathematics, they are structures that show the connections between points, much like a public transportation network. Mathematicians have long sought to develop ...

The fields of quantum algorithms and automata theory are converging to offer transformative insights into computational complexity and efficiency. Quantum algorithms utilise the principles of quantum ...

“Imagine a computation that produces a new bit of information in every step, based on the bits that it has computed so far. Over t steps of time, it may generate up to t new bits of information in ...

The amino acid sequence of the transmembrane protein and its corresponding positions on the cell membrane are transformed into a hidden Markov process. After evaluating the parameters, the Viterbi ...

Recent survey delivers the first systematic benchmark of TSP solvers spanning end-to-end deep learners, hybrid methods and brand-new LLM-based hybrids, revealing that hybrids give best-in-class routes ...

During the latter part of the 20th century, string theory was put forward as a unifying theory of physics foundations. String theory has not, however, fulfilled expectations. That is why we are of the ...

In 1980, Stephen Hawking gave his first lecture as Lucasian Professor at the University of Cambridge. The lecture was called "Is the end in sight for theoretical physics?" Forty-five years later, ...

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. Two blind spots torture physicists: the birth of the universe and the center of a black hole. The former may feel like a moment in time ...