The study of vortex ring dynamics centres on understanding the formation, evolution and decay of toroidal vortices generated by pulsed fluid jets. These phenomena are crucial in a wide range of ...

Mechanical heart valves are vital in restoring cardiac function in patients with valvular disease, and their performance is intimately linked to fluid dynamic phenomena. In these devices, complex flow ...

Formula 1 cars generate incredible levels of aerodynamic downforce to stay glued to the track through corners at high speeds. However, the same airflow that produces downforce also leads to the ...