Atoms that occur in nature interact with the electromagnetic field at a single point, allowing scientists to make certain assumptions about energy levels with point-like references. However, ...

Atom optics is the study of the wave-like properties of beams of atoms. Wave–particle duality — a central principle of quantum mechanics — implies that effects traditionally associated with waves, ...

Atomic and molecular interactions with photons is the study of the way in which the basic elements of matter interact with packets of electromagnetic energy. This interaction is determined largely by ...

The Doomsday Clock is a design that warns the public about how close we are to destroying our world with dangerous technologies of our own making. It is a metaphor, a reminder of the perils we must ...